Characterization of Fusarium spp., A Phytopathogen of avocado (Persea americana Miller var. drymifolia (Schltdl. and Cham.)) in Michoacán, México

Authors

  • Guillermo Gregorio Olalde Lira
  • Yurixhi Atenea Raya Montaño Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez". Laboratorio de Fitopatología. Paseo Lázaro Cárdenas 2290. Emiliano Zapata. Melchor Ocampo. Código Postal 60170. Uruapan. Michoacán. México
  • Patricio Apáez Barrios Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Prolongación de la calle Mariano Jiménez. Col. El Varillero S/N. C. P. 60660. Apatzingán. Michoacán. México
  • Margarita Vargas-Sandoval Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez". Laboratorio de Fitopatología. Paseo Lázaro Cárdenas 2290. Emiliano Zapata. Melchor Ocampo. Código Postal 60170. Uruapan. Michoacán. México
  • Martha Elena Pedraza Santos Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez". Laboratorio de Fitopatología. Paseo Lázaro Cárdenas 2290. Emiliano Zapata. Melchor Ocampo. Código Postal 60170. Uruapan. Michoacán. México
  • Tania Raymundo Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I. P. N. Departamento de Botánica. Laboratorio de Micología. Apartado Postal 256. Centro operativo Naranjo. Col. Santa María. CD. MX. 01600. México
  • Ricardo Valenzuela Garza Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I. P. N. Departamento de Botánica. Laboratorio de Micología. Apartado Postal 256. Centro operativo Naranjo. Col. Santa María. CD. MX. 01600. México
  • Ma. Blanca Nieves Lara-Chávez Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez". Laboratorio de Fitopatología. Paseo Lázaro Cárdenas 2290. Emiliano Zapata. Melchor Ocampo. Código Postal 60170. Uruapan. Michoacán. México

Keywords:

plant pathogen, root rot, crop disease, Ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum Schl, Fusarium solani Mart

Abstract

Highlight_Fusarium_con_letras1.jpg

Avocado has great socioeconomic importance in Mexico because of the benefits it generates for the production chain participants and the significant foreign exchange earnings engendered by the export of its fruit. However, this crop has phytosanitary problems, caused mainly by fungi, among which the genus Fusarium stands out. The objective of this study was to characterize Fusarium species that caused root rot in avocado trees in Michoacan, Mexico. In 19 isolates of Fusarium spp., polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with primers coding for elongation factor and calmodulin genes were performed. These sequences were compared in homology using BLAST analysis and aligned in MEGA 6.0. Cladograms were created based on maximum verisimilitude. The pathogenicity of the isolates was evaluated based on their virulence and severity in the avocado plants. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that 15 isolates belonged to F. oxysporum Schl and four to F. solani Mart. All isolates were pathogenic, with virulence ranging from 16 to 56 days. All isolates produced root rot and yellowing of leaves, with 63% producing wilting and 16% producing apical necrosis, the latter being the most severe.

Highlights

From: Fusarium spp. is reported in avocado in Michoacán, México.

  • With the morphological and molecular methods, two species of the gender Fusarium; F. oxysporum and solani, were identified in avocado crops.
  • The species found in avocado can cause death of nursery seedlings and trees of various ages due to the destruction of their root system.
  • The gender Fusarium is found in all the crops in Michoacán, México, considerably decreasing the production for the damage inflicted in the root, causing significant losses in the production of its fruit.

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Published

01-12-2020

Issue

Section

Plant protection

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