Apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) yield prediction after tree image analysis

Authors

  • Dolores del Brio Estación experimental Ing. Agr. Carlos H Casamiquela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Ruta Nacional 22. km 1190. C. P. 8328. Allen. Rio Negro
  • Valentin Tassile Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos. 25 de Mayo y Reconquista. C. P. 8336. Villa Regina. Río Negro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-4740
  • Sergio Jorge Bramardi Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Departamento de Estadística. Buenos Aires 1400. C. P. 8300. Neuquén. Capital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-2028
  • Darío Eduardo Fernández Estación experimental Ing. Agr. Carlos H Casamiquela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Ruta Nacional 22. km 1190. C. P. 8328. Allen. Rio Negro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-8582
  • Pablo Daniel Reeb Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Departamento de Estadística. Buenos Aires 1400. C. P. 8300. Neuquén. Capital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-5545

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.104

Keywords:

fruit detection, artificial vision, yield forecast, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis

Abstract

Yield forecasting depends on accurate tree fruit counts and mean size estimation. This information is generally obtained manually, requiring many hours of work. Artificial vision emerges as an interesting alternative to obtaining more information in less time. This study aimed to test and train YOLO pre-trained models based on neural networks for the detection and count of pears and apples on trees after image analysis; while also estimating fruit size. Images of trees were taken during the day and at night in apple and pear trees while fruits were manually counted. Trained models were evaluated according to recall, precision and F1score. The correlation between detected and counted fruits was calculated while fruit size estimation was made after drawing straight lines on each fruit and using reference elements. The precision, recall and F1score achieved by the models were up to 0.86, 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. Correlation coefficients between fruit sizes measured manually and by images were 0.73 for apples and 0.80 for pears. The proposed methodologies showed promising results, allowing forecasters to make less time consuming and accurate estimates compared to manual measurements.

Highlights:

  • The number of fruits in apple and pear trees, could be estimated from images with promising results.
  • The possibility of estimating the fruit numbers from images could reduce the time spent on this task, and above all, the costs. This allow growers to increase the number of trees sampled to make yield forecasts.

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Published

18-12-2023

Issue

Section

Ecophysiology and crop management