Capacity for Use and Maintenance of Parks in Residential Environments: Neighborhood Gardens of Mexicali, Mexico
Keywords:
neighborhood gardens, capacity of use, conservation status, physical environmentAbstract
Derived from the phenomenon of urbanization, cities have become environments that house the largest portion of the population at a global level. As a result, the urban physical environment is a factor that influences their inhabitant’s welfare and quality of life. Hence, parks in residential environments called neighborhood gardens (NG) in Mexico can promote conditions that favor a healthy lifestyle, individually and collectively. Despite this, their conservation is at risk, particularly in cities whose management depends on local governments with limited budget. From this point of view, studies on the use of parks and sense of place identify the influence of the objective and subjective physical environment on such behavior, while stimulating positive attitudes associated with the place and its conservation. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate possible links between capacity for use and the conservation status of neighborhood gardens through a direct observation instrument. Results confirm the association between both variables. However, the performance was moderate and provides the opportunity for a more in- depth study.
References
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DEMPSEY, N., & BURTON, M. (2012). Defining place-keeping: The long-term management of public spaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11-20.
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HARNIK, P. (2010). Urban Green: Innovative Parks for Resurgent Cities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
HECKERT, M., & ROSAN, C. (2016). Developing a Green Infrastructre equity Index to promote equity planning. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 263-270.
HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPIERI, R., FERNÁNDEZ-COLLADO, C., & BAPTISTA-LUCIO, P. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación. Sexta Edición. México D.F.: McGraw Hill / Interamericana Editores, S.A. de C.V.
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JACOBS, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Capitán Swing.
KACZYNSKI, A., BESENYI, G., WILHELM-STANIS, S., JAVAD-KOOHSARI, M., OESTMAN, K., BERGSTROM, R., . . . REIS, R. (2014). Are park proximity and park features related to park use and park-based physical activity among adults? Variations by multiple socio-demographic characteristics. International Journal of Behavioral Nutritions and Physical Activity, 146-159.
KACZYNSKI, A., POTWARKA, L., & SAELENS, B. (2008). Association of Park Size, Distance, and Features with Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks. American Journal of Public Health, 1451-1456.
KACZYNSKI, A., WILHELM-STANIS, S., & BESENYI, G. (2012). Development and Testing of a Community Stakeholder Park Audit Tool. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 242-249.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A. (2010). Urban Green Spaces and Social Cohesion. Salford: University of Salford.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A. (2013). The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning, 31-44.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A., & JAMES, P. (2007). The Role of Urban Green Spaces in Improving Social Inclusion. 7th International Postgraduate Research Conference in the Build and Human Environment (pp. 354-365). Greater Manchester: University of Salford, Greater Manchester.
KOOHSARI, M. J., MAVOA, S., VILLANUEVA, K., SUGIYAMA, T., BADLAND, H., KACZYNSKI, A. T., . . . GILES-CORTI, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activiy, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place 33, 75-82.
KUO, F. (2003). The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology. Journal of Arboriculture, 3, 148-155.
KUO, F., & SULLIVAN, W. (2001). Environment and Crime in the Inner City. Does Vegetation Reduce Crime? Environment and Behavior, 33, 343-367.
LANDIS, R., & KOCH, G. (1977). The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics, Vol. 33, 159-174.
LEE, R., BOOTH, K., REESE-SMITH, J., REGAN, G., & HOWARD, H. (2005). The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument: Evaluatin features, amenities and incivilities of physical activity resources in urban neighborhoods. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2-13.
LEVITZ, D. (2014). The role of parks in shaping successful cities. A White Paper. National Recreation and Park Association; American Planning Association.
MCCORMACK, G., ROCK, M., TOOHEY, A., & HIGNELL, D. (2010). Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physical activity: A review of qualitative research. Health & Place, 712-726.
MEA. (2005). Urban Systems. In MEA, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends (pp. 797-821). Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. Retrieved Octubre 14, 2016, from http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/Condition.html#download
MORGAN-HUGHEY, S., WALSEMANN, K., CHILD, S., POWERS, A., REED, J., & KACZYNSKI, A. (2016). Using and environmental justice approach to examine the relationships between park availability and quality indicators, neighborhood disadvantage, and racial/ethnic composition. Landscape and Urban Planning, 159-169.
NOWAK, D., HIRABAYASHI, S., BODINE, A., & GREENFIELD, E. (2014). Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution 193, 119-129.
OMS. (2016). Urban green spaces and health. A review of evidence. Copenhagen: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
OMS. (2017). Urban Green Space Interventions and Health: A review of impacts and effectiveness. Copenhague: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
ONU. (1976). The Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements. Vancouver: Habitat: United Nations Conference on Human Settlements.
ONU. (1996). Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Asentamientos Humanos. HABITAT II. Estambul: Organización de las Naciones Unidas.
ONU. (2014). World Urbanization Prospects. United Nations.
ONU-HABITAT. (2016). HABITAT III. New Urban Agenda. Quito: Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Habitat III.
ONU-HABITAT. (2016). Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures. World Cities Report 2016. Nairobi: ONU, Programa para los Asentamientos Humanos.
PEÑA, C., LEYVA, O., ROJAS, R., ALONSO, A., & IÑIQUEZ, P. (2014). The identification and classification of green areas for urban planning using multispectral images at Baja California, Mexico. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the The Environment, 191, 611-621.
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29-03-2019
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Hernández, L. F., & Arias-Vallejo, A. M. (2019). Capacity for Use and Maintenance of Parks in Residential Environments: Neighborhood Gardens of Mexicali, Mexico. Proyección. Estudios Geográficos Y De Ordenamiento Territorial, 13(25), 59–87. Retrieved from https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/proyeccion/article/view/2252
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