Capacidad de uso y conservación de parques en entornos habitacionales: jardines vecinales en Mexicali, México
Palabras clave:
Jardín vecinal, capacidad de uso, estado de conservación, medio físicoResumen
Derivado del fenómeno de urbanización, las ciudades se han convertido en el medio que alberga la mayor porción de población a nivel global; producto de ello, el entorno físico urbano es un factor que infiere en el bienestar y calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Dicho esto, los parques en entornos habitacionales denominados jardines vecinales (JV) en México, tienen potencial para propiciar condiciones que favorezcan un estilo de vida saludable en lo individual y colectivo. A pesar de ello, su conservación está en riesgo particularmente en ciudades donde su gestión depende de gobiernos locales cuyo presupuesto es limitado. Con esta perspectiva, los estudios sobre uso de parques y sentido de lugar identifican la influencia del medio físico objetivo y subjetivo sobre dicho comportamiento, mientras se estimulan actitudes positivas asociadas con el lugar y su conservación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar posibles vínculos entre capacidad de uso y el estado de conservación de JV a través de un instrumento de observación directa. Los resultados confirman la asociación entre ambas variables, sin embargo, el desempeño fue moderado y proporciona la oportunidad de un estudio de mayor profundidad.
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BEDIMO-RUNG, A., GUSTAT, J., TOMPKINS, B., RICE, J., & THOMSON, J. (2006). Development of a Direct Observation Instrument to Measure Environmental Characteristics of Parks for Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, S176-S189.
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CHAUDHRY, P., & TEWARI, V. (2010). Managing urban parks and gardens in developing countries: A case study form an Indian city. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 248-256.
CHIESURA, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning 68, 129-138.
COHEN, D., MARSH, T., WILLIAMSON, S., PITKIN-DEROSE, K., MARTINEZ, H., SETODJI, C., & MCKENZIE, T. (2010). Parks and physical activity: Why are some parks used more than others? Preventive Medicine, S9-S12.
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DEMPSEY, N., & BURTON, M. (2012). Defining place-keeping: The long-term management of public spaces. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11-20.
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FORS, H., FROIK, J., MURPHY, M., & KONIJNENDIJK, C. (2015). User participation in urban green spaces – For the people or the parks? Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 772-734.
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GILES-CORTI, B., BROOMHALL, M., KNUIMAN, M., COLLINS, C., DOUGLAS, K., NG, K., . . . DONOVAN, R. (2005). Increasing Walking. How Important is Distance to, Attractiveness, and Size of Public Open Space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 169-176.
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GOBSTER, P. (2001). Neighbourhood-Open Space Relationships in Metropolitan Planning: a look across four scales of concern. Local Environment, 199-212.
GOBSTER, P. (2002). Managing Urban Parks for a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Clientele. Leisure Sciences, 143-159.
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HARNIK, P. (2010). Urban Green: Innovative Parks for Resurgent Cities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
HECKERT, M., & ROSAN, C. (2016). Developing a Green Infrastructre equity Index to promote equity planning. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 263-270.
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INGLIS, J., DEERY, M., & WHITELAW, P. (2008). The Development of Place Attachment in Parks. Australia: Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism.
JACOBS, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Capitán Swing.
KACZYNSKI, A., BESENYI, G., WILHELM-STANIS, S., JAVAD-KOOHSARI, M., OESTMAN, K., BERGSTROM, R., . . . REIS, R. (2014). Are park proximity and park features related to park use and park-based physical activity among adults? Variations by multiple socio-demographic characteristics. International Journal of Behavioral Nutritions and Physical Activity, 146-159.
KACZYNSKI, A., POTWARKA, L., & SAELENS, B. (2008). Association of Park Size, Distance, and Features with Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks. American Journal of Public Health, 1451-1456.
KACZYNSKI, A., WILHELM-STANIS, S., & BESENYI, G. (2012). Development and Testing of a Community Stakeholder Park Audit Tool. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 242-249.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A. (2010). Urban Green Spaces and Social Cohesion. Salford: University of Salford.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A. (2013). The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning, 31-44.
KAŹMIERCZAK, A., & JAMES, P. (2007). The Role of Urban Green Spaces in Improving Social Inclusion. 7th International Postgraduate Research Conference in the Build and Human Environment (pp. 354-365). Greater Manchester: University of Salford, Greater Manchester.
KOOHSARI, M. J., MAVOA, S., VILLANUEVA, K., SUGIYAMA, T., BADLAND, H., KACZYNSKI, A. T., . . . GILES-CORTI, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activiy, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place 33, 75-82.
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KUO, F., & SULLIVAN, W. (2001). Environment and Crime in the Inner City. Does Vegetation Reduce Crime? Environment and Behavior, 33, 343-367.
LANDIS, R., & KOCH, G. (1977). The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics, Vol. 33, 159-174.
LEE, R., BOOTH, K., REESE-SMITH, J., REGAN, G., & HOWARD, H. (2005). The Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument: Evaluatin features, amenities and incivilities of physical activity resources in urban neighborhoods. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2-13.
LEVITZ, D. (2014). The role of parks in shaping successful cities. A White Paper. National Recreation and Park Association; American Planning Association.
MCCORMACK, G., ROCK, M., TOOHEY, A., & HIGNELL, D. (2010). Characteristics of urban parks associated with park use and physical activity: A review of qualitative research. Health & Place, 712-726.
MEA. (2005). Urban Systems. In MEA, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends (pp. 797-821). Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. Retrieved Octubre 14, 2016, from http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/Condition.html#download
MORGAN-HUGHEY, S., WALSEMANN, K., CHILD, S., POWERS, A., REED, J., & KACZYNSKI, A. (2016). Using and environmental justice approach to examine the relationships between park availability and quality indicators, neighborhood disadvantage, and racial/ethnic composition. Landscape and Urban Planning, 159-169.
NOWAK, D., HIRABAYASHI, S., BODINE, A., & GREENFIELD, E. (2014). Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution 193, 119-129.
OMS. (2016). Urban green spaces and health. A review of evidence. Copenhagen: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
OMS. (2017). Urban Green Space Interventions and Health: A review of impacts and effectiveness. Copenhague: Organización Mundial de la Salud.
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ONU. (2014). World Urbanization Prospects. United Nations.
ONU-HABITAT. (2016). HABITAT III. New Urban Agenda. Quito: Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Habitat III.
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29-03-2019
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Hernández, L. F., & Arias-Vallejo, A. M. (2019). Capacidad de uso y conservación de parques en entornos habitacionales: jardines vecinales en Mexicali, México. Proyección. Estudios Geográficos Y De Ordenamiento Territorial, 13(25), 59–87. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/proyeccion/article/view/2252
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