Horses and humans in the New world
Archaeological investigations in North America and and prospects for Argentina
Keywords:
Horse pastoralism, Historical archaeology, ZooMS, aDNA, Bayesian modeling, Radiocarbon datingAbstract
After their introduction by the Spaniards and other European colonizers, horses, mules, and donkeys flourished throughout the Americas, transforming the lifestyle of the original peoples. The details of this process, however, are not well known. While zooarchaeology provides us with a means to understand the adoption of the horse in the past, horse remains are often scarce in the archeological sites of early contact and historical periods. In this study we present a methodology to address these challenges, combining paleopathological analysis, radiocarbon modeling, isotopic analysis, and ZooMS. We present our work in western North America as a case study, demonstrating the early integration of the horse with the societies of native peoples over a large geographical area. The application of this approach to the early historical groups of Argentina can generate important clues about the economic and social transitions initiated by the introduction of domestic equids.
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