DOSSIER. REPENSANDO LA PERIODIZACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN ARGENTINA

Modelo de acumulación y cambio tecnológico en torno a la creación del corredor automotriz argentino (1952-1960)

Abstract

In the early 1950s, in Argentina, a company starred the first experience in Latin American production car series from own designs. Unlike the European or U.S. cases, the project was not carried out by a specialized private company, but was the result of the work of aeronautical engineers and technicians in an aircraft state factory. That event was the beginning of a greater complexity phase in the process of national industrialization by import substitution, and fastened the state's role as driver of techno- productive development.

For the design and production of power units, the State filed a socio-technical alliance to implement policies that articulated the existing infrastructure of a public company, the accumulated knowledge of engineers and technicians, public funds, and training for auto parts suppliers. The creation of the Aeronautical and Mechanical State Industries (IAME) was the starting point of the first techno-productive development pole in the country. By 1953, the company began mass production of Rastrojero Diesel, and a regional hub was established, through the cities of Córdoba, Rosario and Buenos Aires

Taking that into account, historiographical periodization that put in 1958 the beginnings of the second phase of industrialization in Argentina, does not considers these significant experiences which took place years before, even though they present all the properties listed as specific to that period.

Through the use of concepts of political economy and sociology of technology, in this work we present the strategies of technological development associated with productive local automotive complex which took place in the second Peronist presidency, starting there the second phase of import substitution industrialization.