Maternal ancestry of individuals from the Chimpay site (Río Negro) and implications for interpreting a mortuary context of the 19th century
Keywords:
Mitochondrial haplogroups, Ancient DNA, PatagoniaAbstract
In this paper the results of the maternal ancestry analyses of two individuals buried in the Chimpay archaeological site (Negro river valley) at the end of the 19th century are presented. This site is a double burial of an adult woman accompanied by varied and abundant funerary goods, and of a man wearing an Argentinian military uniform. In previous works based on the analysis of archaeological, bioarchaeological and ethnohistorical evidence, it was proposed as the main hypothesis that the context represents the burial of a Mapuche military leader. Nevertheless, the ancestry of these individuals has not been reliably confirmed so far. In order to test the main hypothesis, we present here the results of the analysis of the maternal ancestry of both individuals through the study of the HVR I sequence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). As result we obtained the presence of the D1g subhaplogroup in the man and the B2 haplogroup in the woman. The first is highly frequent in archaeological and modern samples from northern Patagonia and the Chilean Araucanía, and the second in current Huiliches, Pehuenches, Tehuelches and Mapuches populations. These results allow us to confirm the Native American ancestry of both individuals and, therefore, to reinforce the idea that Chimpay represents a burial of a Mapuche military leader.
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