How can nutritional additives modify ruminant nutrition?

Authors

  • Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel Programa de pós-graduação em Zootecnia na Universidade Federal da Bahia. Av. Adhemar de Barros. 500. Ondina. 40170-110. Salvador. Bahia Salvador. Bahia. Brasil.
  • Lara Maria dos Santos Brant Programa de pós-graduação em Zootecnia na Universidade Federal da Bahia. Av. Adhemar de Barros. 500. Ondina. 40170-110. Salvador. Bahia Salvador. Bahia. Brasil.
  • Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima Programa de pós-graduação em Ciencia Animal na Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Rod. BR. 222. Km 04, S/N. 65500-000. Chapadinha. Maranhão. Brasil.
  • Daniela Costa Cotrim Programa de pós-graduação em Zootecnia na Universidade Federal da Bahia. Av. Adhemar de Barros. 500. Ondina. 40170-110. Salvador. Bahia Salvador. Bahia. Brasil.
  • Thiago Nascimento Federal University of Sergipe. Departament of Veterinary Medicine at Sertão. Av. Vinte e Seis de Setembro. 1126 - Nova Esperança. Nossa Senhora da Glória. Sergipe Brazil.
  • Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira Programa de pós-graduação em Zootecnia na Universidade Federal da Bahia. Av. Adhemar de Barros. 500. Ondina. 40170-110. Salvador. Bahia Salvador. Bahia. Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.076

Keywords:

chitosan, essential oils, exogenous enzymes, ionophores, yeasts, tannin

Abstract

This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal performance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality.

Highlights

  • Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms.
  • Exogenous enzymes favoring the microbial adhesion and colonization of the particles, aid in the degradation of the feed.
  • Tannins can altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population.
  • Essential oils and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria and consequently modulate the ruminal fermentation.

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Published

04-07-2022

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