La ecología política de un cambio de paradigma incipiente: las instituciones internacionales de investigación agrícola y la agroecología en África
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.40.093Palabras clave:
África, agricultura, agroecología, seguridad alimentaria, infraestructura de investigaciónResumen
Ante la creciente inseguridad alimentaria en el continente africano, está claro que los paradigmas agrícolas convencionales no han movido el dial de la malnutrición. Dentro de las organizaciones internacionales y a través de los movimientos sociales de base, la agroecología se debate cada vez más como un enfoque alternativo de bajos insumos externos para la intensificación agrícola y la seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, aunque la ciencia de la agroecología tiene varias décadas de antigüedad, sigue estando muy marginada en la mayoría de las instituciones de investigación agrícola a escala internacional, regional y nacional, que apoyan abrumadoramente los enfoques productivistas del desarrollo agrícola. En este documento se analizan dos cuestiones. En primer lugar, ¿cómo apoya y refuerza la arquitectura de investigación internacional y regional existente el paradigma convencional de desarrollo agrícola en África? En segundo lugar, ¿cómo surgen los nuevos paradigmas de desarrollo agrícola y se imponen en las instituciones de desarrollo? Las conclusiones se basan en observaciones sobre el terreno y en el tiempo pasado en diferentes organizaciones de investigación agrícola. Llego a la conclusión de que la infraestructura de investigación es política, una idea coherente con la agronomía política y la ecología política. Además, sostengo que un cambio significativo sobre el terreno requiere un cambio en la infraestructura de investigación.
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