Planificación de usos del suelo post-mineros
¿Una estrategia para evitar una posible crisis global?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48162/rev.40.100Palabras clave:
Cierre de minas, usos del suelo post-minero, reconversión del suelo, desarrollo económico regional, diversificación industrial, dependencia de trayectoriaResumen
A nivel mundial, las actividades mineras ocupan grandes extensiones de tierra, tanto durante su operación como después de ella. Pocos sitios mineros son completamente rehabilitados, y aún menos son reconvertidos para otros usos. En consecuencia, existen amplias áreas de tierra y activos desaprovechados que podrían destinarse a fines productivos si los usos del suelo posteriores a la minería se consideraran una inversión a futuro, en lugar de un riesgo insuperable. Las estrategias para la reutilización de tierras y activos mineros son económica y socialmente importantes, pero no existe un enfoque único consensuado de buenas prácticas en el cierre de minas ni en la transición planificada de una economía minera hacia otras actividades.
En general, los gobiernos adoptan un rol regulador, esperando que la industria lidere la rehabilitación y reconversión de las tierras mineras, con resultados decepcionantes. Sin embargo, en algunos casos en los que el gobierno ha colaborado con la industria y las comunidades, se han logrado resultados sociales y económicos beneficiosos que pueden servir como modelos para una reforma global. Este trabajo analizará por qué la cesión y reconversión de minas son difíciles de lograr. Asimismo, se presentarán estrategias desarrolladas en Australia que buscan facilitar un cierre de minas más oportuno y la reconversión de tierras hacia usos productivos alternativos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
